![]() ![]() Scalp, eyelashes, eyebrows, and body hair were affected but not completely absent.Īhmad et al. (1980) observed 2 families, each with 2 affected children, 3 girls and a boy. ![]() It should be pointed out that monilethrix (158000) may be labeled alopecia universalis or alopecia congenita unless a few hairs are found and examined for the characteristic morphology by microscopy.Ĭantu et al. Pinheiro and Freire-Maia (1985) described what they called 'recessive atrichia' in 2 brothers. (1987) whose normal parents were related as first cousins. They also referenced a boy described by Feinstein et al. (1993) pointed to the families reported by Tillman (1952) as probably representing the same disorder with autosomal recessive inheritance. Skin biopsy from the scalp showed hair follicles without hair. The affected individuals were distributed in 7 related sibships. (1993) studied an inbred Pakistani kindred in which 9 males and 4 females had alopecia universalis as an isolated abnormality. (1998) reported that human 'hairless' encodes a putative single zinc finger transcription factor with restricted expression in the brain and skin.Īhmad et al. (1998) identified a homozygous missense mutation in the HR gene (T1022A 602302.0001) in affected members of a Pakistani kindred with alopecia universalis. (1998) has been reclassified as a variant of unknown significance. The T1022A variant ( 602302.0001) in the HR gene reported by Ahmad et al. The mutation occurred at a conserved residue and was not present in 326 chromosomes from unrelated healthy Arab Israeli individuals. (2002) detected a homozygous missense mutation (D1012N 602302.0012) in the HR gene. In a 17-year-old girl of Arab Israeli origin with ALUNC, Klein et al. In affected members of a family with ALUNC from Oman (ALOM1), they identified a homozygous splice donor mutation ( 602302.0003). (1998) identified homozygosity for a missense mutation (V1136D 602302.0002) in the HR gene. (1993), with congenital universal alopecia (ALUNC), Cichon et al. While these drill bits are very hard, abrasive and highly resistant to heat, be sure to start slow when using them as they can break at high speeds.In affected members of a Pakistani family (ALPA1), previously studied by Ahmad et al. They are especially good for drilling through stainless steel, cast iron and titanium. Cobalt drill bits are made of cobalt steel, and they can be sharpened. ![]() Titanium drill bits are harder than cobalt, but because they are coated, they can't be sharpened. They last much longer than regular HSS drill bits, and they are good for cutting through any metal, including metal sheeting. ![]() They are very hard, and corrosion-resistant. Titanium drill bits are high-speed steel drill bits (HSS) that have a titanium oxide coating. There are two types of drill bits that you can count on for metalworking projects: titanium and cobalt. Regular drill bits can't cut through steel, so you need a heavy-duty, hard drill bit to do the job. vitapix / Getty Imagesĭrilling through steel is not an everyday home repair activity, and drill bits for metals are the most expensive. Metal drill bits are more expensive but worth it if you do a lot of metal work. ![]()
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